The study circle is online again. To our amazement we only recently found the excellent work by Mamadou Diouf who is the Leitner Family Professor of African Studies, the Director of Institute for African Studies, and a professor of Western African history at Columbia University. (source: Wikipedia)
Here we discuss his article from 1998 ‘The French Colonial Policy of Assimilation and the Civility of the Originaires of the Four Communes (Senegal): A Nineteenth Century Globalization Project’